Your First Amendment rights-freedom of speech, association and assembly. Freedom of the press, and freedom of religion supported by the strict separation of church and state. Your right to equal protection under the law - equal treatment regardless of race, sex, religion or national origin. Your right to due process - fair treatment by the government whenever the loss of your liberty or property is at stake. Your right to privacy - freedom from unwarranted government intrusion into your personal and private affairs
The vote is part of a larger project created by the National Archives and National History Day in collaboration with USA Freedom Corps titled Our Documents: A National Initiative on American History, Civics and Service. The purpose of Our Documents is to provide programs like The People’s Vote to engage Americans in a better understanding of the records that shaped our country.
The conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added. Article the first [Not Ratified] After the first enumeration required by the first article of the Constitution, there shall be one Representative for every thirty thousand, until the number shall amount to one hundred, after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall be not less than one hundred Representatives, nor less than one Representative for every forty thousand persons, until the number of Representatives shall amount to two hundred; after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall not be less than two hundred Representatives, nor more than one Representative for every fifty thousand persons.
Article the second [Amendment XXVII - Ratified 1992] No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened.
Article the third [Amendment I] Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
Article the fourth [Amendment II][4] A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.
Article the fifth [Amendment III] No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Article the sixth [Amendment IV] The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
Article the seventh [Amendment V] No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
Article the eighth [Amendment VI] In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.
Article the ninth [Amendment VII] In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
Article the tenth [Amendment VIII] Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Article the eleventh [Amendment IX] The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
Article the twelfth [Amendment X] The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
Notes:
4. In the Congressional Statutes at Large, Vol. 1, Page 97, at http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=001/llsl001.db&recNum=220, the first and third commas are omitted, so that it reads:A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed
Bill of Rights Amendment ICongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Amendment II A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.
Amendment III
No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Amendment IV The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
Amendment V No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
Amendment VI In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
Amendment VII In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
Amendment VIII Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Amendment IX The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
Amendment X The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people..
Who really benefited from slavery? Who should fund any such reparations? Who should be excluded from helping to finance such reparations? How many billions of dollars have already been paid to so-called "historically disadvantaged minorities"? Remember, when Congress makes payments, it uses your tax dollars to do so. Here are some thought-provoking questions and historical facts. The last slave ship arrived in the U.S. in 1808 It is statistically likely that your white ancestors immigrated to the U.S. after 1808. Should post-1808 white immigrants be excluded from helping pay for reparations? Should descendants of blacks who arrived in this country after 1808 be excluded from receiving reparations? Other beneficiaries of slavery. What about the neighboring African tribes who sold their neighbors into the slave trade? Shouldn't they help pay a substantial portion of reparations? Shouldn't descendants of the Spanish and Portuguese sailors who transported the slaves to the U.S. pay a substantial portion of the reparations? In 1861, less than 10% of the white U.S. population owned slaves. Should only the white descendants of slave holders have to finance these reparations? Shouldn't white descendants of non-slave holders be excluded from financing this farce? Slavery was abolished in 1865. Thousands of white Union soldiers died fighting for the abolition of slavery. Should the descendants of the soldiers who fought to end slavery, many of whom were injured, maimed or killed, be paid reparations, too? In the mid-1800's, thousands of non-military whites placed themselves at great risk by promoting abolition, and/or by operating the underground railroad. Shouldn't the descendants of the abolitionists and the operators of the underground railroad receive money from this reparation fund? At the very least, shouldn't they be excluded from paying for it? How many white Americans arrived in this country after the abolition of slavery? Should post-1865 white immigrant-Americans be excluded from helping to pay reparations since they never owned slaves? Japanese-Americans interred in camps in the U.S. during WWII have been paid $20,000 for reparations. So why shouldn't blacks be compensated for slavery? ARGUMENT: In 1988, the U.S. issued an apology and paid $20,000 to each Japanese-American who was taken from his/her home and held in internment camps during World War II from 1941 to 1945. Therefore shouldn't black descendants of the U.S. slave trade receive similar compensation? ANSWER: NO! The differences between the two situations are several, and quite significant.
First, the $20,000 compensation to the Japanese-Americans was paid to the individuals and/or their families who actually were interred in camps during WWII. Slavery reparations are not similarly targeted toward the immediate victims.
Second, the alleged descendants of slaves who are seeking such a huge subsidy are many generations removed from their ancestors who were subject to slavery in the U.S.
Third, and most significantly, any black alive today who alleges economic harm as a result of slavery -- whether provably related to a U.S. slave or not -- has had the benefit of (a) 135 years of no slavery; and (b) 36 years of "reparations" already paid in the form of job quotas, racial preferences, and race-based targets and goals (since passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964). Trillions of dollars have already been paid to 'minorities' in compensation for alleged historic discrimination. Consider this: In the 36 years since the passage of the original Civil Rights Act of 1964, trillions of dollars in federal transfer payments, welfare payments, racial job quotas, race-based federal contract set-asides, and race-based college admissions have already been paid to so-called "historically disadvantaged minorities" in the U.S.
After 36 years of preferential programs and billions of race-based payments, why haven't the so-called "disadvantaged minorities" been able to compete in American society by now? Could it possibly be due to the fact that Al Sharpton, Jesse Jackson, and Kweisi Mfume preach "perpetual victimhood" to their skin-deep followers?
The word '''Maafa''' (also know as the African Holocaust) is derived from a (Kiswahili) word meaning disaster, terrible occurrence or great tragedy. The term today collectively refers to the 500 hundred years of suffering of people of African heritage through Slavery, Imperialism, Colonialism, Oppression, Invasions and Exploitation. And in the 21st century the legacy of enslavement manifest itself in the social-economic status of Africans globally.
The mistake made is in thinking Slavery is only an aspect of history. Today Slavery is still a World problem, millions of people are trapped in domestic slavery from China to USA. However, It is estimated that 40 -100 million people were taken out of African by the Atlantic, Arabian and Trans-Saharan routes. Many died in transport, others died from diseases or indirectly from the social trauma left behind in Africa. .
'BLACK HISTORY MONTH' UK Make 'Black' History (UK) a unique African historical occasion by giving an All-African production as a gift. Crime, drugs, HIV/AIDS, poor education, inferiority complex, low expectation, poverty, corruption, poor health, and underdevelopment plagues people of African decent globally – Why? Filmed in five continents, and over twenty countries. BUY NOW Image Blocked
BLACK CANDLE (FILM) The Black Candle uses Kwanzaa as a vehicle to explore and celebrate the African-American experience. Narrated by world renowned poet Maya Angelou and directed by award-winning author and filmmaker M.K. Asante, Jr., The Black Candle is about the struggle and triumph of African-American family, community, and culture.The first feature film on Kwanzaa, The Black Candle traces the holiday’s growth out of the Black Power Movement in the 1960s to its present-day reality as a global, pan-African holiday embraced by over 40 million celebrants. www.theblackcandle.com
MOTHERLAND PROJECT African Holocaust Society is part of the production team for the MOTHERLAND film (Due in 2009). Under the 7 principles of the African Code, MOTHERLAND seeks to put forward a diverse, but unified voice for Africa with a reflection on the historical and cultural journey of Africa thus far. With an all-star, MOTHERLAND will be the first film of its kind in history. Staring Jacob Zuma, Meles Zenawi, Harry Belafonte, Ali Mazrui and many more.
AFRICAN HOLOCAUST UPDATES We have updated and developed several pages such as www.arabslavetrade.com , African Marriages, Linguistics for a New African reality, African Kingdoms and African names. www.africanholocaust.net www.themotherland.info
THE BEGINNING OF SLAVERY The first Africans in America arrived as Indentured Servants via Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. From 1619 to about 1640, Africans could earn their freedom working as laborers and artisans for the European settlers. Africans could become free people and enjoy some of the liberties like other new settlers. By 1640, Maryland became the first colony to institutionalize slavery. In 1641, Massachusetts, in its written legislative Body of Liberties, stated that "bondage was legal" servitude, at that moment changing the conditions of the African workers - they became chattel slaves who could be bought and solely owned by their masters.
SLAVE TRADE The Portuguese were the first to embark upon the slave trade starting around 1562. The practice of slavery grew to exponential proportions from 1646 up until 1790. A prime area for slaves was on the west coast of Africa called the Sudan. This area was ruled by three major empires Ghana (790-1240), Mali (1240-1600), and Songhai (670-1591). Other smaller nations were also canvassed by slavers along the west coast; they included among them: Benin, Dahomey, and Ashanti. The peoples inhabiting those African nations were known for their skills in agriculture, farming, and mining. The Africans of Ghana were well known for smelting iron ore, and the Benins were famous for their cast bronze art works. African tribal wars produced captives which became a bartering resource in the European slave market. Other slaves were kidnapped by white and black hunters. The main sources of barter used by the Europeans to secure African slaves were glass beads, whiskey, ivory, and guns.
The rising demand for sugar, coffee, cotton, and tobacco created a greater demand for slaves by other slave trading countries. Spain, France, the Dutch, and English were in competition for the cheap labor needed to work their colonial plantation system producing those lucrative goods. The slave trade was so profitable that, by 1672, the Royal African Company chartered by Charles II of England superseded the other traders and became the richest shipper of human slaves to the mainland of the Americas. The slaves were so valuable to the open market - they were eventually called "Black Gold."
THIS YEAR WE NEED TO VOTE FOR CHANGE 
